JPI Oceans Actions are all conducted in different ways. As such, Cross-Cutting Enablers should be selected where is clear that they will add value to the ongoing activities. It is also important to consider when they should be used through the life cycle of an Action. Four Cross-Cutting enablers are presented in this section of the Toolkit to give guidance on how to implement them, practical examples, and templates which can be adapted to suit different situations. The four presented are:

• Foresight Foresight aims to identify future scenarios, challenges and solutions.
• Dissemination/use of results Having a clear strategy for the dissemination of results creates impact from differnet activities
• Intellectual Property Rights In some activities, particlarly those involving the private sector, it is important to understand the implications of intellectual property rights.
• Evaluation of Actions Evaluating the successes and failures of an activity ensures that it stays relevant and provides a useful results.